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32. State Failure Revisited II: Actors of Violence and Alternative Forms of Governance
- Author:
- Tobias Debiel and Daniel Lambach
- Publication Date:
- 01-2007
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Institute for Development and Peace
- Abstract:
- This INEF report is the companion piece to “State Failure Revisited I: Globalization of Security and Neighborhood Effects” (INEF Report 87/2007). While the first working paper mainly took a structural perspective and dealt with the global and regional level, the contributions in our new study put those actors in the spotlight who shape national and local arenas.
- Topic:
- Security, Civil Society, and Government
- Political Geography:
- Africa
33. The Democratic Legitimacy of Private Governance. An Analysis of the Ethical Trading Initiative
- Author:
- Susanne Schaller
- Publication Date:
- 01-2007
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Institute for Development and Peace
- Abstract:
- Private actors increasingly influence global governance and generate transnational rules and regulations. By creating soft law, they adopt governance tasks that were traditionally in the responsibility of sovereign states. These modes of “private governance” are quite disputed. Some hope that by including private actors, democracy on a global level can be enhanced. Others fear that private governance circumvents democratically legitimated governments and that private regulation competes with national and international law. Thus, questions arise about the legitimisation of private actors and about the democratic legitimacy of private governance.
- Topic:
- International Relations, Democratization, Government, and Privatization
34. Human Security on Foreign Policy Agendas. Changes, Concepts and Cases, INEF-Report 80
- Author:
- Tobias Debiel and Sascha Werthes
- Publication Date:
- 01-2006
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Institute for Development and Peace
- Abstract:
- When the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) published its 1994 report, nobody expected that the human security concept outlined within it would attract so much attention from politicians and academics alike. This is all the more astonishing as the concept has provoked a lot of criticism ever since its first appearance due to its excoriated analytical ambiguity and its disputed political appropriateness.
- Topic:
- Security, Defense Policy, Human Rights, International Political Economy, and United Nations
- Political Geography:
- United States, Japan, Europe, and Asia
35. Counterinsurgency and Political Control. US Military Strategies Regarding Regional Conflict, INEF-Report 81
- Author:
- Jochen Hippler
- Publication Date:
- 01-2006
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Institute for Development and Peace
- Abstract:
- With US forces in Iraq and Afghanistan fighting rather ruthless counter- insurgency campaigns, the topic of in surgency and counterinsurgency is of pressing relevance. At the same time, questions of internal violence in developing countries have generally been high on the political and academic agenda in the context of “failed” and “failing states”.
- Topic:
- Defense Policy and War
- Political Geography:
- Afghanistan, United States, Iraq, Middle East, and Asia
36. Privatisation in Deep Water? Water Governance and Options for Development Cooperation, INEF-Report 84
- Author:
- Annabelle Houdret and Miriam Shabafrouz
- Publication Date:
- 01-2006
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Institute for Development and Peace
- Abstract:
- Water is an essential factor for human development and health, but also for agricultural production, the development of the tourism sector and industrial growth. The increasing scarcity of the resource contributes to high competition between these user groups. Growing tension and conflict over water allocation urge for new approaches in demand management.
- Topic:
- Development, Government, Health, and Privatization
37. The Financing of UN Peace Operations - An Analysis from a Global Public Good Perspective
- Author:
- Alexander Kocks
- Publication Date:
- 01-2005
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Institute for Development and Peace
- Abstract:
- The present report argues on the assumption that UN peace operations represent intermediate international public goods that yield a number of positive externalities – such as peace and security, enhanced international stability and respect for human rights. The potential benefits that can be derived from these operations critically depend on how the international community decides to provide and finance them. Despite the fact that the financing of UN peace operations is a crucial component of their production path, there have been surprisingly few attempts to examine whether and how the UN has adjusted the international public financing system underlying the provision of its operations to the complex tasks the organization is asked to undertake. The present study contributes to a better understanding of UN peace operations as international public goods and fills this gap by providing an up-to-date analysis of the several existing international financing me chanisms and tools created by the UN to help foster better allocation to its operations. It summarizes important UN internal reform processes related to their use and offers policy re commendations for a more integrated and innovative financing approach to UN peace operations as international public goods.
- Topic:
- Peace Studies and United Nations
38. Towards a New Profile? Development, Humanitarian and Conflict-Resolution NGOs in the Age of Globalization
- Author:
- Tobias Debiel and Monika Sticht
- Publication Date:
- 01-2005
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Institute for Development and Peace
- Abstract:
- Both the significance and the profile of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have undergone a fundamental transformation in the past twenty years. In development cooperation new fields such as ecological sustainability and the promotion of democracy have emerged besides 'traditional' issues like poverty reduction. Furthermore, confronted with the realities of war and state decline, developmental NGOs pay increasing attention to crisis prevention and the resolution of conflicts; even a new type of nongovernmental organization has appeared, conflict-resolution NGOs. The change has been particularly dramatic in the area of humanitarian aid: even before the end of the Cold War some NGOs – Médecins sans Frontières (MSF) at the head of all of them – freed themselves from the “straitjacket” of only conducting humanitarian operations with the permission of the (often illegitimate) local government; meanwhile the concept of sovereignty has been substantially redefined. NGOs, however, also con- formed to the imperatives of globalization and commercialization, and formed oligopolies on the market for humanitarian aid. At the same time, they are also confronted with their own “powerlessness” in conflict zones: actors of violence and power-holders successfully attempt to instrumentalize humanitarian aid for their own purposes, and western military forces threaten the independence of humanitarian work by demanding subordination to political and strategic goals.
- Topic:
- Globalization, Government, Humanitarian Aid, Non-Governmental Organization, Privatization, and Sovereignty
39. The Institutional Dimension of WTO Accession Observations and Practical Guidelines for Improving National Trade-related Governance Capacities
- Author:
- Uwe Schmidt
- Publication Date:
- 11-2002
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Institute for Development and Peace
- Abstract:
- For developing countries and economies in transition, accession to and membership in the global trade body is a delicate and cumbersome experience. The need to bring national legislation into conformity with WTO rules, negotiating and implementing concessions on market access for trade in goods and services, transparency requirements, emerging new trade issues (e. g. environmental standards), and the necessity to establish and maintain professional trade-related research competence places heavy burdens on applicants and developing members that not infrequently exceed their institutional capacity for formulating policy options or negotiation strategies.
- Topic:
- Development, Economics, Globalization, and International Trade and Finance
- Political Geography:
- United States
40. How does globalisation affect local production and knowledge systems? The surgical instrument cluster of Tuttlingen, Germany
- Author:
- Gerhard Halder
- Publication Date:
- 03-2002
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Institute for Development and Peace
- Abstract:
- The recent discussion of the winners and losersfrom globalisation has given prominence to regional development and industrial clusters in the global organisation of production and know-how. Tuttlingen, in southern Germany, is the recognised world leader in the global surgical instruments industry. However, price competition from emerging low-cost locations in South and South/East Asia and Eastern Europe, and rapid technological developments in medical engineering pose new challenges for the Tuttlingen cluster. In the past, institutional joint action was one of the pillars of the cluster's success, but there are doubts as to whether such institutions can face the new challenges. New public-private initiatives suggest a way forward, but it is too early to gauge their impact. In the past there wereimportant examples of small and medium sized firms coming togetherin joint marketing, production, and research and development efforts. While they continue, local competition has become more intense, making inter-firm co-operation more difficult. Some firms do, however, co-operate with suppliers further down the value chain, particularly those in Pakistan and Malaysia. The new challenges are also leading to further differentiation, both amongst firms as well as between producers and traders within the cluster. The most radical forms of product and functional upgrading are being concentrated in the cluster' sleading large firms. Innovation seems to be linked to close ties with end-users, the concentration of knowledge in medical engineering, and changes in surgical practices and health care delivery. Thus, the cluster while the 'big fish' in its own pond of surgical instruments, is having to come to terms with being a 'small fry' in the larger sea that constitutes the global health care sector.
- Topic:
- Development, Economics, Globalization, and Regional Cooperation
- Political Geography:
- Europe, East Asia, and Germany