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21. Regional development, income distribution and gender in Bolivia Insights from a 2012 Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) and Multiplier Analysis

Author:
Luis Carlos Jemio, Lykke E. Andersen, Clemens Breisinger, and Manfred Wiebelt
Publication Date:
01-2015
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Institute for Advanced Development Studies (INESAD)
Abstract:
This paper describes the construction of the most detailed, openly accessible Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) for Bolivia to date. In addition to allowing for “standard” socio-economic analysis common for SAMs - like assessing the linkages between production, factor income distribution and households’ incomes and expenditures – the SAM presented in this paper makes detailed economic assessments at the subnational level, by gender and at detailed agricultural subsector levels, possible. Sections 1-4 present the methodology and data sources used, explain assumptions and criteria adopted for SAM disaggregation, and discuss key findings with a focus on distributional features. Section 5 presents results from a simple SAM multiplier model and section 6 concludes. It is the authors’ hope that this SAM database can make a contribution to evidence-based policy making that helps to further reduce poverty and food insecurity in Bolivia.
Topic:
Development, Gender, and Income
Political Geography:
South America and Bolivia

22. An agriculture-focused, regionally disaggregated SAM for Mexico 2008

Author:
Luis Carlos Jemio, Lykke E. Andersen, Clemens Breisinger, and Manfred Wiebelt
Publication Date:
01-2015
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Institute for Advanced Development Studies (INESAD)
Abstract:
This paper describes the construction of a Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) for the Mexican economy for year 2008. It presents the methodology and data sources used, assumptions made, criteria adopted to disaggregate the SAM’s accounts and the main results obtained. The Mexico SAM was built as the main data base for the calibration of a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) Model, used to investigate the quantitative effects of climate change on the Mexican economy, with emphasis on analyzing its distributional impacts. Since the effects of climate change are mainly transmitted to the economy through the agricultural sector and since impacts on agriculture differ across regions, the Mexico SAM presents a significant disaggregation in the accounts referred to the agricultural activities and to income distribution, redistribution and income spending across households and regions. The final disaggregated SAM is quite large and is included in the accompanying spreadsheet file.
Topic:
Agriculture, Economy, and Social Accounting
Political Geography:
Latin America and Mexico

23. Social Institutions and Gender Inequality in Fragile States: Are They Relevant for the Post-MDG Debate?

Author:
Boris Branisa and Carolina Cardona
Publication Date:
01-2015
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Institute for Advanced Development Studies (INESAD)
Abstract:
We focus on an issue that appears particularly relevant for fragile states and which has received little attention: social institutions related to gender inequality, defined as societal practices and legal norms that frame gender roles and the distribution of power between men and women in the family, market, and social and political life. We show empirically that fragile states perform worse than other non-fragile developing countries when considering these social institutions. We suggest that a special set of indicators reflecting social institutions related to gender inequality in both fragile states and non-fragile states should be considered in the post-MDG agenda.
Topic:
Development, Inequality, Millennium Development Goals, Fragile States, and Institutions
Political Geography:
Global Focus

24. Cycles versus Trends: The Effects of Economic Growth on Earnings in Bolivia

Author:
Beatriz Muriel H. and Horacio Vera C.
Publication Date:
08-2015
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Institute for Advanced Development Studies (INESAD)
Abstract:
This paper analyzes the effects of economic growth on labor earnings in Bolivia during 1999-2012. More precisely, we develop a labor market model to capture both cycle and trend effects of prices, and production on earnings, which is estimated econometrically using pseudo-panel data methods. The results show that labor earnings have had a pro-cyclical behavior. In particular, we find that, in the short run, an increase of 1% in prices or production explains an earnings rise of around 0.5%, while, in the long run, a production increase of 1% is associated with an earnings variation of 0.4%. Furthermore, we find that labor earnings growth by sector follows, to some extent, the economic performance of its corresponding sector, which responds to the sector segmentation characteristics in the Bolivian labor market.
Topic:
Business, Economic Growth, Earnings, and Wages
Political Geography:
South America and Bolivia

25. The Bounty of the Sea and Long-Run Development

Author:
Carl-Johan Dalgaard, Anne Sofie B. Knudsen, and Pablo Selaya
Publication Date:
09-2015
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Institute for Advanced Development Studies (INESAD)
Abstract:
What is the long run impact on development from di§erences in subsistence strategies during preindustrial times? Whereas this question has been explored from the point of view of agriculture, remarkably little attention has been paid to the complementary strategy of relying on marine resources. As a step towards closing this gap, we construct an index ñìthe Bounty of the Sea index ñwhich captures the potential abundance of exploitable marine Ösh that individual countries have had access to, and proceed to explore its correlation with economic development. Our analysis reveals that a greater Bounty of the Sea stimulated pre-industrial development, and that countries inhabited by people with ancestry in regions with abundant marine resources are richer today. Probing possible underlying reasons, we Önd that populations with ancestry in regions rich in marine resources di§er from societies with a purely agrarian legacy in terms of institutions, cultural values and average personality traits.
Topic:
Culture, Institutions, Economic Development, Fishing, and Personality
Political Geography:
Global Focus

26. An Experimental Game on Entrepreneurship and Labour Protection Policy

Author:
Beatriz Muriel and Marcelo Gutierrez
Publication Date:
12-2015
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Institute for Advanced Development Studies (INESAD)
Abstract:
We developed a game, in the line of experimental economics, using an expected utility framework, applied to 108 participants. Specifically, we evaluated the hypothesis that, facing uncertainty over potential employees’ skills, employers prefer a flexible labour policy rather than a protectionist one, and when the option of flexible labour contracts is not available, they choose not to undertake a business, reducing job creation. The empirical results show that 79.3% of participants prefer a flexible labour policy, as well as that when this option is excluded, some participants abstain from business undertakings---reducing job creation---, and instead become workers.
Topic:
Economics, Labor Issues, Employment, Risk, and Flexibility
Political Geography:
Global Focus