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22. Regulating RoboCop: The Need for International Governance Innovation in Drone and AWS Development and Use
- Author:
- Melisa Foster and Virgil Haden-Pawlowski
- Publication Date:
- 10-2014
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Centre for International Governance Innovation
- Abstract:
- Drones and AWS are more than simply new technology; they are a new method of combat engagement, representing a revolution in military affairs (Arkin 2013, 1). The current deployment of certain forms of robotic weapons technology, and the direction of their continuing development and use, are inadequately influenced by international law. While this technology offers strategic advantages and may reduce the need to put military personnel in harm's way, it also creates enormous risks to the erosion or abuse of human rights, peace, national security, ethical conduct in war and international law.
- Topic:
- Science and Technology, International Security, Governance, and Law
23. Strengthening Canada's Copyright System: A Fairer Mechanism for Fair Use Claims
- Author:
- Cory Campbell and Scott Janz
- Publication Date:
- 10-2014
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Centre for International Governance Innovation
- Abstract:
- By granting limited monopolies to rights holders and securing profits from the sale and circulation of their works, copyright law is an important mechanism for incentivizing innovation and the creation of cultural content. However, limiting how users interact with protected materials also imposes a number of social costs, such as threatening the ability of individuals to express themselves by engaging with protected media and hindering cumulative innovation. Modern copyright law has sought to minimize these social costs through fair use provisions, which allow for the reasonable use of copyrighted material.
- Topic:
- Science and Technology and Intellectual Property/Copyright
- Political Geography:
- Canada
24. Legal Mechanisms for Governing the Transition of Key Domain Name Functions to the Global Multi-stakeholder Community
- Author:
- Aaron Shull, Paul Twomey, and Christopher S. Yoo
- Publication Date:
- 11-2014
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Centre for International Governance Innovation
- Abstract:
- The US government has announced that it is prepared to unilaterally relinquish its historical control of the key technical functions that make up the modern-day Internet. This control stems from the foundational role played by the United States in the creation of the Internet, and has been exercised through the law of contract over the organization that performs these functions, a not-for-profit corporation based in California, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). Under the existing contractual arrangement, ICANN has been accountable to the US government for the performance of these functions. However, if the US government is no longer party to this agreement, then to whom should ICANN be accountable?
- Topic:
- Science and Technology, Communications, and Governance
- Political Geography:
- United States and California
25. Internet Points of Control as Global Governance
- Author:
- Laura DeNardis
- Publication Date:
- 08-2013
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Centre for International Governance Innovation
- Abstract:
- The distributed nature of Internet infrastructure and relatively malleable user engagement with content can misleadingly create the impression that the Internet is not governed. When Internet governance does rise to media or public prominence, this usually involves high-profile controversies such as the Egyptian government cutting off citizen Internet access or government-delegated censorship requests for Google to delete politically sensitive content. These are examples of Internet content governance via infrastructure. But beneath this layer of content, at much more technologically concealed layers, coordinated and sometimes centralized governance of the Internet's technical architecture is necessary to keep the network operational, secure and universally accessible. This governance is enacted not necessarily through traditional nation-state authority but via the design of technical architecture, the policies enacted by private industry and administration by new global institutions. While these coordinating functions perform highly specialized technical tasks, they also have significant economic and political implications.
- Topic:
- Security, Science and Technology, Sovereignty, and Governance
- Political Geography:
- Egypt
26. Anonymous in Context: The Politics and Power behind the Mask
- Author:
- Gabriella Coleman
- Publication Date:
- 09-2013
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Centre for International Governance Innovation
- Abstract:
- Since 2010, digital direct action, including leaks, hacking and mass protest, has become a regular feature of political life on the Internet. The source, strengths and weakness of this activity are considered in this paper through an in-depth analysis of Anonymous, the protest ensemble that has been adept at magnifying issues, boosting existing — usually oppositional — movements and converting amorphous discontent into a tangible form. This paper, the third in the Internet Governance Paper Series, examines the intersecting elements that contribute to Anonymous' contemporary geopolitical power: its ability to land media attention, its bold and recognizable aesthetics, its participatory openness, the misinformation that surrounds it and, in particular, its unpredictability. Anonymous signals the growing importance of what I call “weapons of the geek,” a modality of politics exercised by a class of privileged and visible actors who are often at the centre of economic life. Among geeks and hackers, political activities are rooted in concrete experiences of their craft — administering a server or editing videos — skills channelled toward bolstering civil liberties, such as privacy.
- Topic:
- Security, Crime, Intelligence, Science and Technology, Communications, and Mass Media
27. Internet Governance: Inevitable Transitions
- Author:
- James A. Lewis
- Publication Date:
- 10-2013
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Centre for International Governance Innovation
- Abstract:
- The current approach to Internet governance is politically untenable because it lacks legitimacy in the eyes of many new Internet users. Legitimacy is a central issue for Internet governance.
- Topic:
- Globalization, Science and Technology, Communications, Infrastructure, and Governance
- Political Geography:
- United States
28. Adaptive Internet Governance: Persuading the Swing States
- Author:
- Dave Clemente
- Publication Date:
- 10-2013
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Centre for International Governance Innovation
- Abstract:
- The complexity of negotiating global Internet governance in the coming years presents states with multiple challenges. One primary challenge for liberal democracies is to adapt their current approach (that is, the multi-stakeholder model) while enhancing its legitimacy on the international stage. A model of governance that is perceived as legitimate and capable of maintaining a stable environment is more likely to be durable, as opposed to one that lacks the ability to adapt, thereby encouraging other actors to develop competing models.
- Topic:
- Globalization, Science and Technology, Infrastructure, and Governance
29. Bounding Cyber Power: Escalation and Restraint in Global Cyberspace
- Author:
- Ronald J. Deibert
- Publication Date:
- 10-2013
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Centre for International Governance Innovation
- Abstract:
- Cyberspace is the global communications and information ecosystem, and it is now deeply embedded in all aspects of society, economics and politics. As cyberspace has grown in size and significance, the security of the domain has become highly contested among states, the private sector and civil society. This paper is divided into two parts: The first half focusses on the forces that are contributing to escalating international tensions and conflicts in cyberspace, largely driven by state-based concerns around national security. From this perspective, the exercise of state power in cyberspace is growing (to borrow an old phrase) in “leaps and bounds.” The second half employs a different meaning of “bounding power” — which refers to tying down, checking or restraining the exercise of power — and outlines steps that might be taken to lead us down an alternative path, whereby security and openness are both protected and preserved.
- Topic:
- Security, Civil Society, Economics, Politics, Science and Technology, and Governance
30. The Caribbean Maritime Transportation Sector: Achieving Sustainability through Efficiency
- Author:
- Fritz H. Pinnock and Ibrahim A. Ajagunna
- Publication Date:
- 03-2012
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Centre for International Governance Innovation
- Abstract:
- The port structure of the Caribbean has been heavily influenced by global change over the last 200 years. The historical context — colonialism, piracy and slavery — meant that ports were originally designed to serve colonial interests. The advent of containerization and globalization have dramatically changed cargo shipping, while at the same time, cruise tourism has increased significantly — the Caribbean accounts for 50 percent of the global market — which means that cargo and cruise ships now compete for limited berth space.
- Topic:
- International Trade and Finance, Post Colonialism, Science and Technology, and Maritime Commerce
- Political Geography:
- Caribbean
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