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12. Les usages pratiques du patriotisme en Russie
- Author:
- Myriam Désert, Marlène Laruelle, Françoise Daucé, Anne Le Huérou, and Kathy Rousselet
- Publication Date:
- 06-2010
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches Internationales
- Abstract:
- Since the second half of the 1990s, the theme of national revival crystallized in Russia, notably in the form of a promotion of patriotism. The apparent convergence between an offer “from above” and a demand “from below” supports the idea that there exists a kind of patriotic consensus in Russia. This new tense and autarchic fusion between state and society summons old stereotypes about Russo- Soviet culture. This issue of Questions of Research seeks to go back over these stereotypes in order to show the diversity of “patriotic” practices in Russia today (which widely surpass the “militarist” variant generally evoked) and the connected social uses that are made of it. Following an overview of the existing literature on Russian nationalism and patriotism, as well as a presentation of the patriotic education curricula being implemented by the Russian state, our study on “patriotic” practices continues through several points of observation (patriotic summer clubs and camps for children and adolescents in Saint- Petersburg, Moscow and Omsk; ethno-cultural organizations; Orthodox religious organizations; and the discursive practices of economic actors). The examination of these different terrains reveals the diversity of everyday “patriotic” activities; and illustrates their utilization to multipleends (pragmatic concern for one's professional career, search for a personal source of inspiration, opportunities for enrichment, pleasure of undertaking activities with one's friend and relations…). In the end, these fieldwork surveys reveal motivations and commitments in which official patriotic discourse and the image of state are oft en secondary, sometimes even denied.
- Topic:
- Education, Politics, and Political Theory
- Political Geography:
- Russia
13. Marché, bureaucratie, formes de la domination politique: Une économie politique weberienne
- Author:
- François Bafoil
- Publication Date:
- 04-2010
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches Internationales
- Abstract:
- From a broad perspective, political economy analyses economic and political exchanges proper to some social groups, embedded in particular historical periods. The great innovation of Max Weber's analysis is to highlight the intersubjective orientations that support these exchanges and characterize a particular period of history. This study firstly compares different features between free market economy and the soviet-type economy. Secondly, it measures their difference in accordance to the "ideal type" of "market", bureaucracy" and "forms of domination". Finally, it insists on the particular "hybrid" figures of "charisma" and "patrimonial bureaucracy".
- Topic:
- Economics, Markets, Political Economy, and Political Theory
- Political Geography:
- Russia and Europe
14. Back to the Future? Thoughts on the Political Economy of Expanding State Ownership in Russia
- Author:
- William Tompson
- Publication Date:
- 07-2008
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches Internationales
- Abstract:
- The period since early 2004 has seen a significant expansion of the direct role of the Russian state in owning and managing industrial assets, particularly in 'strategic sectors' of the economy, such as power-generation machines, aviation, oil and finance. Increasingly, policy seems to have been focused less on market reforms than on tightening the state's grip on the 'commanding heights' of the economy. Many factors have contributed to this shift – factional, ideological, geopolitical and conjunctural – and, as will be argued below, there is not one single process at work, but several. This paper seeks to understand what has been driving the expansion of state ownership in Russia over the recent past and what that expansion might imply for the future. Its central conclusion is that a great deal of the explanation for this trend is in fact structural. While press coverage and public discussion have largely focused on factional politics and the political conjuncture – particularly conflicts between the Kremlin and big business and rivalry among Kremlin 'clans' ahead of the Putin succession in 2008 – a deeper understanding of the growth of the state requires an examination of the interaction between state capacities and Russia's industrial structure.
- Topic:
- Economics, Government, and Political Economy
- Political Geography:
- Russia
15. Le vote confisqué en Russie Etude des élections régionales de 2007
- Author:
- Mikhaïl Sokolov
- Publication Date:
- 06-2007
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches Internationales
- Abstract:
- Depuis les dernières élections législatives, en décembre 2003, le système électoral russe a été peu à peu transformé en profondeur. Cette transformation vise à permettre une manipulation calculée et centralisée du vote afin d'assurer l'élection des partisans du pouvoir poutinien et de l'élite proche du Kremlin.
- Topic:
- Politics
- Political Geography:
- Russia
16. La démocratisation en Géorgie à l'épreuve des élections
- Author:
- Salomé Zourabichvili
- Publication Date:
- 04-2007
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches Internationales
- Abstract:
- A peine trois ans après la Révolution des Roses qui a porté au pouvoir en Géorgie le gouvernement libéral et pro-occidental du président Mikhaïl Saakachvili, la tenue des élections locales et municipales le 5 octobre 2006 soulève des questions importantes sur l'évolution du régime politique. Pourquoi consacrer une étude à une élection apparemment secondaire : un scrutin local dans un petit pays, qui plus est extérieur à l'Union européenne ? Pour la majorité des observateurs, certes assez distants de la réalité géorgienne, la situation politique ne soulève pas d'inquiétude particulière car la Géorgie bénéficie toujours de la bonne image bâtie sur le renversement pacifique du régime Chevardnadze en novembre 2003. En juin 2005, le président Bush a salué ce pays comme le « fleuron de la démocratie » ! Et, en effet, la Géorgie reste, avec l'Ukraine, en dépit des difficultés qui se font jour, un des îlots de démocratie dans l'espace post-soviétique.
- Political Geography:
- Russia and Georgia
17. Religion et « idée nationale » dans la Russie de Poutine
- Author:
- Alexandre Verkhovski
- Publication Date:
- 07-2006
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches Internationales
- Abstract:
- Depuis le début des années 1990, tous les observateurs politiques s'accordent sur le constat suivant : après le démantèlement de l'URSS, la Russie n'a pas su élaborer une vision claire de sa nouvelle identité. Le Président Poutine l'a lui-même admis. Les citoyens éprouvent encore des difficultés à intégrer le fait que la Russie soit un Etat, et non plus un empire1. On retrouve cette même réticence dans la vision véhiculée par l'élite au pouvoir, une vision communément appelée « idée nationale ».
- Topic:
- Nationalism
- Political Geography:
- Russia
18. Biélorussie 2006. Manipulation électorale dans une dictature post-soviétique
- Author:
- Jean-Charles Lallemand
- Publication Date:
- 06-2006
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches Internationales
- Abstract:
- Lors de l'éclatement de l'Union soviétique en 1991 et de la chute du parti unique, les élites dirigeantes des quinze républiques nouvellement indépendantes semblaient converties au principe démocratique de l'élection libre et pluraliste. Quinze ans plus tard, plusieurs Etats post-soviétiques connaissent au contraire le renforcement de régimes présidentiels autoritaires. Tout en organisant des scrutins pseudo-concurrentiels à échéances régulières, les élites au pouvoir manipulent sans scrupule les élections pour renforcer leur emprise autoritaire. Parmi ces pays, la Biélorussie d'Alexandre Loukachenko est un modèle du genre : elle n'a pas connu de scrutin libre et honnête depuis 1996.
- Topic:
- Politics and Elections
- Political Geography:
- Russia and Belarus
19. Vladimir Putin and The Russian Television "Family"
- Author:
- Floriana Fossato
- Publication Date:
- 01-2006
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches Internationales
- Abstract:
- On 27 November 2006 in the Moscow Kremlin Russian President Vladimir Putin celebrated the 75th anniversary of Russian television with eight hundred journalists and top television managers. A very important occasion indeed. The Russian president sent messages of congratulations to a huge amount of organizations, but welcomed in person to the Kremlin only selected representatives of the most important ones, these days mainly the various branches of military and security organs. Television would seem an anomaly here, but it is not, since Russian officials and political advisers like to conceptualize television – so often used as a tool of manipulation- as “the Kremlin's nuclear weapon.”
- Topic:
- Civil Society, Government, and Nationalism
- Political Geography:
- Russia
20. Le débat russe sur l'informel
- Author:
- Myriam Désert
- Publication Date:
- 05-2006
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches Internationales
- Abstract:
- What are the roots of the informal sector and what effects does it have? Is it a blessing or a curse? Changes in post-Soviet Russia contribute new food for thought to a debate that had previously been nourished primarily by considerations on the situation in developing countries. In Russia can be observed processes of formalization – and “deformalization” – of the rules governing not only the practices of economic actors, but also in the rarified distribution of public services publics. The analysis of actual informal practices feeds thinking about the relations between economic and political changes: what impact do they have in setting up a market economy and the rule of law, and in the reconfiguration of both the economic and social arena? An investigation into the way Russian academic circles and social actors view the informal sector sheds light on the various behavioral determinant: reaction to the economic context, cultural roots, social beliefs, and so on. The case of Russia illustrates how the informal sector is not only a mode of action that circumvents legal guidelines, but also a mode of sociability that rejects anonymous social relations. It helps examine ways to reinject the social aspect into economics.
- Topic:
- Government, Political Economy, and Privatization
- Political Geography:
- Russia, Europe, and Asia
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