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11. The Effects of Suicide Attacks against Military Forces

Author:
José Luis Calvo Albero
Publication Date:
01-2008
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Athena Intelligence Journal
Institution:
Athena Intelligence
Abstract:
Existen numerosas experiencias de radicalización yihadista en prisiones, algunas de elias también en España. Este artículo describe en primer lugar la situación de los internos de origen musulmán en las prisiones españolas. Seguidamente analiza los retos y las disfunciones que actualmente afronta el sistema penitenciario español. Se trata de puntos débiles que afectan a la relación entre internos yihadistas y presos comunes de origen musulmán, a la vigilancia y control de la vida cotidiana de los internos, de la posible difusión de documentos radicales dentro de las prisiones y de las comunicaciones entre el interior y exterior de los centros. En conjunto, se advierte la falta de un plan estratégico por parte de la Administración penitenciaria para la prevención de la radicalización yihadista.
Topic:
Islam
Political Geography:
Europe and Spain

12. Prevention of Jihadist Radicalization in Spanish Prisons. Current Situation, Challenges and Dysfunctions of the Penitentiary System

Author:
Javier Jordán, Humberto Trujillo, and Jose Antonio Gutiérrez
Publication Date:
01-2008
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Athena Intelligence Journal
Institution:
Athena Intelligence
Abstract:
There are many experiences of jihadist radicalization in prisons, some of them also in Spain. This article first describes the situation of Muslim convicts in Spanish prisons. Following, it analyzes the challenges and inefficiencies that the Spanish penitentiary system is currently facing. These are weaknesses that affect the relationship between convict jihadists and common prisoners of Muslim origin, the prevention and control of the prisoners' daily lives, the diffusion of radical documents inside the prisons and the communication between the interior and exterior of the center. Overall, it is noticeable the lack of a strategic plan from the penitentiary Administration for the prevention of jihadist radicalization.
Topic:
Islam and Terrorism
Political Geography:
Europe, Romania, and Spain

13. Typology of jihadist sceneries

Author:
Miguel S. Luparelli
Publication Date:
04-2008
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Athena Intelligence Journal
Institution:
Athena Intelligence
Abstract:
En este documento se analizan los principales escenarios de actividad yihadista en el transcurso del 2007 tomando especial atención a sus características particulares para identificar la existencia de una tipología que defina el alcance estratégico de los grupos yihadistas y de la potencialidad de sus futuribles, es decir de la posibilidad de que se constituyan Estados Islámicos de ideología neosalafista. Asimismo se realiza un estudio de las principales fuentes ideológicas de los yihadistas contemporáneos y su influencia geográfica.
Topic:
Islam and Terrorism

14. Terrorism and the Mass Media after Al Qaeda: A Change of Course?

Author:
Manuel R. Torres
Publication Date:
04-2008
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Athena Intelligence Journal
Institution:
Athena Intelligence
Abstract:
This article analyzes the possible relationship between terrorist groups and the media. As an example, a case study on the Al Qaeda organization will be used. Our methodology will involve analyzing the content of its public statements and examining the developments that have taken place during its history as an organization. Both perspectives suggest that terrorisms view of the media, far from being composed of rigorous ideological or political principles, is shaped by their calculations of estimated opportunities. Its perception of the mass media, has depended on its perception of estimated media impact. This has determined three stages during its history: Hostility toward media that it has held responsible for hiding or distorting its message; Adaptation to a new environment where there are networks that are willing to interpret reality from a perspective similar to the jihadist point of view Exploitation of the Internet as an indirect means of obtaining the mass media's attention.
Topic:
Science and Technology

15. MEMRI TV desde una perspectiva semiótica. Análisis de un videoclip (MEMRI TV from a Semiotic Perspective. Analysis of a Video Clip)

Author:
Imane Ziza
Publication Date:
07-2008
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Athena Intelligence Journal
Institution:
Athena Intelligence
Abstract:
El artículo tiene por objeto llevar a cabo un análisis semiótico multidisciplinar de una muestra del material audiovisual subtitulado del árabe al inglés que obra en MEMRI TV. Para ello, describimos detalladamente esta página web y el videoclip objeto del análisis y argumentamos los motivos de selección de ambos. Utilizando procedimientos metodológicos tomados de la Lingüística de Corpus, el Análisis Conversacional y la investigación en Traducción Audiovisual, analizamos el videoclip en base a una serie de hipótesis planteadas inicialmente. A la luz de los resultados obtenidos, sacamos las conclusiones oportunas que nos permitieron confirmar, con la evidente limitación de un solo caso de estudio, entre otras, una de las principales hipótesis planteadas, esto es, la manipulación en los criterios de selección del material audiovisual que ofrece MEMRI TV.

16. Islam y Occidente frente al radicalismo islamista y el terrorismo yihadista: la batalla de las ideas (Islam and the West against the Radical Islamist and Jihadist Terrorism: the Battle of Ideas)

Author:
Francisco Galvache
Publication Date:
07-2008
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Athena Intelligence Journal
Institution:
Athena Intelligence
Abstract:
Este artículo analiza las diferentes visiones que existen sobre el papel de la religión en la política y la sociedad, prestando una atención particular dos posturas frontalmente contrapuestas: el laicismo y el islamismo. El artículo realiza una revisión histórica de ambas corrientes ideológicas y analiza sus implicaciones sobre la libertad religiosa y la cohesión social.
Topic:
Civil Society and Islam

17. Four Best Practices in Cooperation between Civil Society and Authorities with a View to the Prevention of the Violent Radicalization in Spain

Author:
José Antonio Peña-Ramos
Publication Date:
07-2008
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Athena Intelligence Journal
Institution:
Athena Intelligence
Abstract:
Madrid and London terrorist attacks in 2004 and 2005, European counterparts to those carried out in New York and Washington during 2001, have steadily increased EU institutions' concern about the phenomenon of violent radicalization, specially that of Islamist nature, as a possible previous step leading to Jihadist terrorism in a context of a continuous and even growing flow of immigration, namely from Muslim origins. The European Council deems paramount to achieve a deeper cooperation between civil society and authorities towards the prevention of these radicalization phenomena.
Topic:
Civil Society, Islam, Migration, and Terrorism
Political Geography:
Europe, Gaza, Romania, and Spain

18. El agente etiológico del ántrax maligno como arma biológica y su posible uso en atentados terroristas: a propósito de la crisis del Amerithrax de 2001

Author:
Rohan Gunaratna and René Pita
Publication Date:
07-2008
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Athena Intelligence Journal
Institution:
Athena Intelligence
Abstract:
Bacillus anthracis, the etiological agent of anthrax, has been the main biological warfare agent studied and produced by countries that have historically retained biological weapons programmes. However, it has also been of interest to terrorist groups like al-Qaida and was the agent responsible for the Amerithrax crisis after the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks. This paper aims at analysing all these facts with emphasis on the Amerithrax crisis, and the possibility that jihadist terrorism could use this biological agent in terrorist attacks. Bacillus anthracis, el agente etiológico del carbunco, ha sido el principal agente biológico estudiado y producido por los países que han contado con un programa de armas biológicas a lo largo de la historia. Sin embargo, también ha sido objeto de interés por parte de grupos terroristas como al-Qaida, y dio lugar a la denominada crisis del Amerithrax, también conocida como la «crisis del ántrax», tras los atentados del 11 de septiembre de 2001. Este trabajo analiza todos estos hechos haciendo especial hincapié en la crisis del Amerithrax y en la posibilidad de que el terrorismo yihadista pueda utilizar este agente biológico en atentados terroristas.
Topic:
Terrorism and Weapons of Mass Destruction
Political Geography:
United States

19. Islamic Activism in Jordan

Author:
Juan Jose Escobar Stemmann
Publication Date:
07-2008
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Athena Intelligence Journal
Institution:
Athena Intelligence
Abstract:
Manifestations of Islamic activism are abundant in Jordan. Traditional allies of the monarchy, the Muslim Brotherhood has participated in politics when the regime has opted for political openness. However, their moderation in domestic politics has been accompanied by a growing radicalisation with respect to foreign policy issues. In addition, Jordan has been a leading centre for Salafi intellectual output for decades. The emergence of a Jihadi current in the 1990s led to the creation of the first armed groups and Jihadi ideas have found favour with certain sectors of society in the country. Military intervention in Iraq and, in particular, the figure of Abu Musaf Al Zarqawi have resulted in Jordan becoming a favourite Al Qaeda target.
Topic:
Civil Society, Politics, and Terrorism
Political Geography:
Middle East and Jordan