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1. Review of Gender Budgeting at Sub-National Level in Uganda: Insights from Mbarara, Mukono and Soroti Districts

Author:
Elijah Mushemeza, Daniel Lukwago, and George Bogere
Publication Date:
01-2019
Content Type:
Research Paper
Institution:
Advocates Coalition for Development and Environment (ACODE)
Abstract:
These are the fi ndings of the study that analysed gender responsiveness in budgeting at sub-national level in Uganda. It studied how gender was mainstreamed in the budgets for health and agriculture in three districts, namely, Mukono, Soroti, and Mbarara. The study found that mainstreaming gender into budgets at sub-national level was minimal. Focus was largely on budget formulation with little emphasis on stages of budget execution, evaluation and audition. At the same time, mainstreaming gender at budget formulation stage was beset by signifi cant limitations. Thus, gender responsiveness of budgets at sub-national level remains low. This paused serious challenges in efforts to alleviate the plight of women who were faced with various forms of marginalisation, calling for gender mainstreaming in budgeting. The fi ndings underscore the implications of overdependence of districts on conditional grants from central government for Gender Responsive Budgeting (GRB) in Uganda. The common view among respondents was that, sub-national governments do not have suffi cient discretion to implement GRB. Also, stringent fi nancing of local governments made undertaking participatory processes untenable further constraining GRB at subnational level. Furthermore, the guidelines and information for GRB at district level were inadequate. Nevertheless, the meager information available, such as, sex-disaggregated data, was hardly used in planning and budgeting at that level. On a positive note, the study found that there was a high level of awareness of guidelines for GRB among respondents and were highly appreciative of gender inequality as an important development issue at district level. There was also a good understanding of gender issues in the agriculture and health sectors at that level, in conformity with the National Development Plan (NDP II), and the gender compacts for agriculture and heath sectors.
Topic:
Governance, Public Spending, Gender, and Budgeting
Political Geography:
Uganda and Africa

2. Public Expenditure Governance in Uganda's Agricultural Extension System

Author:
Annette Kuteesa, Emmanuel Keith Kisaame, Julian Barungi, and Ramathan Ggoobi
Publication Date:
01-2018
Content Type:
Research Paper
Institution:
Advocates Coalition for Development and Environment (ACODE)
Abstract:
In its quest to become a middle-income economy, Uganda has placed emphasis on improving and commercialising agriculture as one of its growth strategies in the National Development Plan (NDP II 2015/16 – 2019/20). Funding to the agricultural sector has more than doubled – rising from UGX 422 Bn in FY 2013/14 to UGX 901.68 Bn in FY 2017/18. About three-quarters of this funding has been directed towards agricultural extension, particularly, the provision of agricultural inputs to farmers. In addition, the sector has had several reforms in the provision of agricultural extension services. The most recent these reforms were the creation of the National Agricultural Advisory Services in 2001 and the switch to a single-spine agricultural extension system, which culminated into the adoption of the National Agricultural Extension Policy in October 2016. Despite the reforms and the increase in funding, the agricultural sector’s growth has stagnated and in some instances regressed over the NDP II planning period. Macroeconomic statistics from the Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBoS) indicate that in fiscal year 2015/16, the agricultural sector’s share of Uganda Gross Domestic Product (at market prices) was 23.6%. This marked a 0.2% decline from the fiscal year 2014/15 share of 23.8%. As of June 2017, the agricultural sector had experienced four consecutive quarters of negative growth.
Topic:
Agriculture, Governance, Economy, and Public Spending
Political Geography:
Uganda and Africa

3. Assessment of Public Expenditure Governance of the Universal Primary Education Programme in Uganda

Author:
Susan Namirembe Kavuma, Kiran Cunningham, George Bogere, and Richard Sebaggala
Publication Date:
01-2017
Content Type:
Research Paper
Institution:
Advocates Coalition for Development and Environment (ACODE)
Abstract:
This study seeks to assess public expenditure governance of the Universal Primary Education (UPE) programme in Uganda. UPE is a government programme that aims at providing basic education to school-going children aged six years and above. Established in 1997, its policy objectives include the equitable provision of education that is affordable to the majority of Ugandans. This study focuses on various dimensions of governance of the UPE program at the district level with emphasis on decision-making, effectiveness of the accountability framework and the interaction among the actors. The study was specifcally designed to fnd out the 3ublic (xpenditure *overnance 3(* practices under UPE at district levels, document the perspectives on public expenditure governance of UPE of the actors at the district levels, and show the importance oI specifc public expenditure governance practices to sector outcomes.
Topic:
Development, Education, Governance, and Public Spending
Political Geography:
Uganda and Africa

4. Assessing Public Expenditure Governance: A Conceptual and Analytical Framework

Author:
Jacklyn A. Makaaru and George Bogere
Publication Date:
01-2016
Content Type:
Research Paper
Institution:
Advocates Coalition for Development and Environment (ACODE)
Abstract:
Although governance is not a new concept, the concept of public expenditure governance is relatively new. Our defnition of public expenditure governance emphasizes the process and change aspects of interactions between actors, and how these interactions affect public expenditure outcomes. We make a contribution to the discourse on measurement/assessment of governance by developing a framework for assessing public expenditure governance. The assessment of public expenditure governance is imperative because it helps us understand governance issues that, for example, constrain effcient service delivery, accountability, and responsiveness at different decision making points along the public expenditure chain. Measurement and assessment of public expenditure governance should embody a strategy for learning what governance mechanisms are effective, effcient, and robust across different contexts. In this manner, assessment is more diagnostic as opposed to assigning a value to governance of public expenditure as being good or bad or weak or poor. Our view is that diagnostic assessment of public expenditure governance enhances utilization of specifc inputs for policy making and action programs and assesses the relative costs in utilization of resources along the public expenditure chain by creating linkages to specifc public expenditure outcomes.
Topic:
Development, Governance, and Public Spending
Political Geography:
Uganda and Africa

5. Public Expenditure Governance in Uganda’s Education Sector: Application of an Innovative Assessment Framework

Author:
Jacklyn Makaaru Arinaitwe, Kiran Cunningham, Emmanuel Keith Kisaame, Suzie Nansozi Muwanga, and George Bogere
Publication Date:
01-2015
Content Type:
Research Paper
Institution:
Advocates Coalition for Development and Environment (ACODE)
Abstract:
This paper presents a framework for assessing public expenditure governance (PEG) in the education sector. Unlike tools for assessing public financial management, which tend to focus quite specifically on fund management, PEG assessment focuses on inputs, processes and outcomes associated with the governance of public expenditure. Inputs are the laws, policies, rules, regulations, goals and priorities that govern actions and decision-making. The assessment principles associated with the input side of PEG are participation and strategic vision. Processes are the attributes of delivering education, and these processes cover legislation, implementation, auditing, and planning and budgeting. The assessment principles focussing on process are accountability and transparency, both of which are essential if processes are to lead to the desired outcomes. The desired outcomes of PEG are associated with quality education that is equitably, efficiently and effectively delivered. Thus, the assessment principles associated with outcomes are equity, efficiency and effectiveness. In addition to thoroughly defining these principles, this paper also illustrates their use by applying them to the inputs, processes and outcomes of public expenditure governance in Uganda’s education sector.
Topic:
Education, Governance, Transparency, and Public Spending
Political Geography:
Uganda and Africa