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162. Exporting Security: International Engagement, Security Cooperation, and the Changing Face of the U.S. Military
- Author:
- Derek S. Reveron
- Publication Date:
- 07-2010
- Content Type:
- Book
- Institution:
- Georgetown University Press
- Abstract:
- when president bush announced in early 2007 that the United States would become more strategically engaged in Africa, it was through the creation of a new military command—U.S. Africa Command—and not through increasing the activities of the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) or the State Department's Bureau of African Affairs. Yet this new “combatant” command is not focused on combat at all; it is optimized for promoting international military partnerships through security assistance. In fact, since the announcement was made, the word “combatant” has fallen away with an emphasis on the noncombat functions that this new unified command will fill.
- Topic:
- Security and War
- Political Geography:
- Africa and United States
163. Theology and the Boundary Discourse of Human Rights
- Author:
- Ethna Regan
- Publication Date:
- 04-2010
- Content Type:
- Book
- Institution:
- Georgetown University Press
- Abstract:
- The discourse of human rights has emerged as the dominant moral discourse of our time. Reflecting on this often contentious discourse, with both its enthusiasts and detractors, led me to consider the following questions: What constitutes an intelligible definition of human rights? What place should this discourse occupy within ethics? Can theology acknowledge human rights discourse? How is theological engagement with human rights justified? What are the implications of the convergence of what are two potentially universalizable discourses?
- Topic:
- Human Rights, Religion, and Political Theory
164. Security and Development: Searching for Critical Connections
- Author:
- Neclâ Tschirgi (ed.), Michael S. Lund (ed.), and Francesco Mancini (ed.)
- Publication Date:
- 01-2010
- Content Type:
- Book
- Institution:
- International Peace Institute
- Abstract:
- Academic research bears some good news: the number of wars and the lethality of warfare have been declining since 1992. This includes civil wars, which decreased from a high of forty-six in 1992 to twenty-one in 2006. In the same stretch of time, the most severe conflicts declined by 80 percent. Yet deeper analysis of these trends provides disturbing findings. The University of Maryland's report Peace and Conflict 2008 notes that the downward trend in conflict is not the result of effective prevention of new conflicts but rather the termination of ongoing wars. The report confirms that the number of ongoing active conflicts dropped significantly over the post–Cold War period. Meanwhile, there has been no discernible change in the number of newly initiated conflicts. In fact, in the report's words, “for the past sixty years, the rate at which new armed conflicts emerge each year has been essentially unchanged.” This suggests that, despite almost two decades of research, advocacy, and action, international efforts to prevent violent conflicts have seriously lagged behind efforts to resolve existing conflicts. If the steady out-break of new wars is to be arrested and reversed, the conflict prevention agenda that gained prominence in the immediate post–Cold War years needs to be revitalized. This requires deeper investigation of the sources of violent intrastate conflicts that threaten both human and international security.
- Topic:
- Security, Cold War, Development, and Peace Studies
165. The Transatlantic Economy 2010 Annual Survey of Jobs, Trade and Investment between the United States and Europe
- Author:
- Daniel S. Hamilton and Joseph P. Quinlan
- Publication Date:
- 01-2010
- Content Type:
- Book
- Institution:
- Center for Transatlantic Relations
- Abstract:
- Despite the recession, the United States and Europe remain each other's most important foreign commercial markets. No other commercial artery in the world is as integrated and fused as the transatlantic economy. We estimate that the transatlantic economy continues to generate close to $4.28 trillion in total commercial sales a year and employs up to 14 million workers in mutually “onshored” jobs on both sides of the Atlantic.
- Topic:
- Economics, International Trade and Finance, Markets, and Bilateral Relations
- Political Geography:
- United States and Europe
166. Primed and Purposeful: Armed Groups and Human Security Efforts in the Philippines
- Author:
- Soliman M. Santos and Paz Verdades M. Santos
- Publication Date:
- 04-2010
- Content Type:
- Book
- Institution:
- Small Arms Survey
- Abstract:
- As this book was in its final stages of preparation, contributing author Professor Octavio Dinampo of Mindanao State University was taken hostage while he guided journalists to meet a leader of the Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG) in Sulu province in June 2008. Instead of considering him to be among the civilian hostages, security force officials cast suspicions over the possible culpability of Dinampo, a former member of the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) and now respected academic and peace advocate. He was released ten days late.
- Topic:
- Security, Political Violence, and Armed Struggle
- Political Geography:
- Philippines and Southeast Asia
167. Towards a Better Life: How to Improve the State of Democracy in the Middle East and North Africa
- Author:
- Abdallah Shalaby, Salah al-Din al-Jurshi, Mostafa El-Nabaraway, Moheb Zaki, Qays Jawad Azzawi, and Antoine Nasri Messarra
- Publication Date:
- 02-2010
- Content Type:
- Book
- Institution:
- Global Political Trends Center
- Abstract:
- The situation in the Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) countries concerning the state of the democracy has been on top of the agendas of not only political entities, but also civil society organizations, academia and the international media, with an intensifying frequency for the past decade. While the citizens of respective MENA countries deserve and demand better political, social, and economic conditions, the current state of affairs in many MENA countries is unfortunately far from ideal in terms of civic rights, freedoms, and other socio-political conditions.
- Topic:
- Politics
- Political Geography:
- Africa and Middle East
168. The Constitutional History of U.S. Foreign Policy: 222 Years of Tension in the Twilight Zone
- Author:
- Walter A. McDougall
- Publication Date:
- 09-2010
- Content Type:
- Book
- Institution:
- Foreign Policy Research Institute
- Abstract:
- In 1973, Congress passed the infamous War Powers Resolution (WPR), over Richard Nixon’s veto. It was perhaps the most ambitious Congressional effort to bridle the President since the battle with Andrew Johnson over Reconstruction. The WPR is worth reading—once—then forgetting, because its convoluted, contradictory, and doubtless unconstitutional mix of instructions, restrictions, and ticking clocks has never been honored by any administration or upheld by any court. Presidents Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, George H.W. Bush, Bill Clinton, George W. Bush all dispatched U.S. forces into combat situations without paying more than lip service to the WPR. In 1990, following Saddam Hussein’s invasion of Kuwait, President Bush stationed 100,000 personnel in Saudi Arabia. He sought no authorization and, in fact, informed just one member of Congress: Senator Sam Nunn (D., Ga.). When he then prepared Operation Desert Storm to liberate Kuwait, 54 Congressmen led by the chairman of House Armed Services Committee, Berkeley radical Ron Dellums (D., Calif.), filed for an injunction to stop the war. U.S. District Judge Harold H. Greene ran for cover. Noting that 54 fell far short of a majority, he judged the case “not ripe for judicial determination.”
- Topic:
- Foreign Policy, War, Governance, Law, and Constitution
- Political Geography:
- United States
169. India's Israel Policy
- Author:
- P. R. Kumaraswamy
- Publication Date:
- 07-2010
- Content Type:
- Book
- Institution:
- Columbia University Press
- Abstract:
- India's foreign policy toward Israel is a subject of deep dispute. Throughout the twentieth century arguments have raged over the Palestinian problem and the future of bilateral relations. Yet no text comprehensively looks at the attitudes and policies of India toward Israel, especially their development in conjunction with history. P. R. Kumaraswamy is the first to account for India's Israel policy, revealing surprising inconsistencies in positions taken by the country's leaders, such as Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru, and tracing the crackling tensions between its professed values and realpolitik. Kumaraswamy's findings debunk the belief that India possesses a homogeneous policy toward the Middle East. In fact, since the early days of independence, many within India have supported and pursued relations with Israel. Using material derived from archives in both India and Israel, Kumaraswamy investigates the factors that have hindered relations between these two countries despite their numerous commonalities. He also considers how India destabilized relations, the actions that were necessary for normalization to occur, and the directions bilateral relations may take in the future. In his most provocative argument, Kumaraswamy underscores the disproportionate affect of anti-colonial sentiments and the Muslim minority on shaping Indian policy.
- Topic:
- International Relations and Foreign Policy
- Political Geography:
- India and Israel
- Publication Identifier:
- 9780231525480
- Publication Identifier Type:
- ISBN
170. The New Muslim Brotherhood in the West
- Author:
- Lorenzo Vindino
- Publication Date:
- 08-2010
- Content Type:
- Book
- Institution:
- Columbia University Press
- Abstract:
- In Europe and North America, networks tracing their origins back to the Muslim Brotherhood and other Islamist movements have rapidly evolved into multifunctional and richly funded organizations competing to become the major representatives of Western Muslim communities and government interlocutors. Some analysts and policy makers see these organizations as positive forces encouraging integration. Others cast them as modern-day Trojan horses, feigning moderation while radicalizing Western Muslims. Lorenzo Vidino brokers a third, more informed view. Drawing on more than a decade of research on political Islam in the West, he keenly analyzes a controversial movement that still remains relatively unknown. Conducting in-depth interviews on four continents and sourcing documents in ten languages, Vidino shares the history, methods, attitudes, and goals of the Western Brothers, as well as their phenomenal growth. He then flips the perspective, examining the response to these groups by Western governments, specifically those of Great Britain, Germany, and the United States. Highly informed and thoughtfully presented, Vidino's research sheds light on a critical juncture in Muslim-Western relations.
- Topic:
- Islam and Islamism
- Political Geography:
- United States, United Kingdom, and Western Europe
- Publication Identifier:
- 9780231522298
- Publication Identifier Type:
- ISBN