Author: Leo A. Grünfeld / Topic: Development

Author:: Leo A. Grünfeld, Eskil Goldeng, and Gabriel R. G. Benito
Publication Date:: 03-2004
Content Type:: Working Paper
Institution:: Norwegian Institute of International Affairs
Abstract:: We analyze differences in performance between private companies (PCs) and state owned enterprises (SOEs), with an emphasis on the effects of market structure. We use a panel covering all registered companies during the 1990s in Norway, a country where SOEs play an important role in regular markets. Return on assets as well as costs measures are used as measures of performance in models that investigate markets where SOEs and PCs actually compete with each other. Although market shares and concentration affect performance, ownership identity still explains most of the inferior performance among SOEs.
Topic:: Development, Economics, Emerging Markets, and Industrial Policy
Political Geography:: Norway

Author:: Lars C. Svindal and Leo A. Grünfeld
Publication Date:: 12-2000
Content Type:: Working Paper
Institution:: Norwegian Institute of International Affairs
Abstract:: In this study, we present an empirical survey of the patterns of trade and FDI in Africa based on a sample of 28 countries and their transactions with the OECD countries. These patterns are used to test whether the predictions of the new trade theory with multinationals as described by Markusen and Venables (1995,1998) fit the development in Africa. The theory states that multinational production will gradually outgrow trade as countries converge in terms of income, yet our econometric study gives only week evidence supporting such a pattern. Alternative explanations are also investigated,and it is shown that trade barriers, geographical distance, income per capita and access to ocean explain much of the variation in trade and FDI in Africa.
Topic:: International Relations, Development, and Economics
Political Geography:: Africa

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