Author: Gary Clyde Hufbauer / Publication Year: within 25 Years

Author:: Gary Clyde Hufbauer, Jeffrey J. Schott, and Yee Wong
Publication Date:: 11-2004
Content Type:: Working Paper
Institution:: Peterson Institute for International Economics
Abstract:: Building on the 1989 Canada-US Free Trade Agreement (CUSFTA), the NAFTA contains dispute settlement provisions in six separate areas. NAFTA Chapter 11 is designed to resolve investor-state disputes over property rights; Chapter 14 creates special provisions for handling disputes in the financial sector via the Chapter 20 dispute settlement process (DSP); Chapter 19 establishes a review mechanism to determine whether final antidumping and countervailing duty decisions made in domestic tribunals are consistent with national laws; and Chapter 20 provides government-to-government consultation, at the ministerial level, to resolve high-level disputes. In addition, the NAFTA partners created interstate dispute mechanisms regarding domestic environmental and labor laws under the North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation (NAAEC) and the North American Agreement on Labor Cooperation (NAALC), respectively. This chapter examines the first four dispute settlement systems; the NAAEC and NAALC systems are evaluated in the environment and labor chapters of this book.
Topic:: International Relations, Economics, and International Trade and Finance
Political Geography:: United States and Canada

Author:: Gary Clyde Hufbauer and Ben Goodrich
Publication Date:: 10-2003
Content Type:: Policy Brief
Institution:: Peterson Institute for International Economics
Abstract:: In May 2003, the World Trade Organization (WTO) dispute panel ruled that US steel safeguards imposed in March 2002 are illegal. The WTO Appellate Body is all but certain to confirm the panel's judgment, probably by December 2003. Then the Bush administration will face an important choice. It can keep the safeguards in place, pleasing steel producers and important constituencies in West Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Ohio. However, doing so would further anger steel users, who have probably lost more business and jobs as a direct consequence of the safeguards than steel producers have gained. Maintaining the safeguards would also send a signal to the world's trading nations that the United States is not prepared to endure the political cost of eliminating steel protection. Furthermore, the administration would run the risk that, in the middle of a presidential election season, foreign countries will exercise their rights under the WTO to retaliate.
Topic:: Government and International Trade and Finance
Political Geography:: United States, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and West Virginia

Author:: Gary Clyde Hufbauer and Barbara Oegg
Publication Date:: 04-2003
Content Type:: Policy Brief
Institution:: Peterson Institute for International Economics
Abstract:: With the end of the Cold War, the focus of US foreign policy changed—and so did that of economic sanctions. Partly because of increased cooperation within the UN framework, economic sanctions were imposed so routinely in the early 1990s that scholars called that period the sanctions decade. This proliferation sparked intense debate about the effectiveness of sanctions as a policy tool and moved US sanctions policy to the center of public discourse.
Topic:: Economics, International Trade and Finance, and Political Economy
Political Geography:: United States

Author:: Gary Clyde Hufbauer and Ben Goodrich
Publication Date:: 05-2002
Content Type:: Policy Brief
Institution:: Peterson Institute for International Economics
Abstract:: The US Export-Import (Ex-Im) Bank is again at the center of controversy, as Congress debates the terms for its charter renewal. This policy brief critiques provisions of the House and Senate versions of the reauthorization bill and summarizes three justifications for Congress giving adequate support to the Ex-Im Bank. Box 1 provides a capsule description of the Ex-Im Bank's operations.
Topic:: Economics, Government, and International Trade and Finance
Political Geography:: United States

Author:: Gary Clyde Hufbauer, Erika Wada, and John H. Rogers
Publication Date:: 01-2001
Content Type:: Working Paper
Institution:: Peterson Institute for International Economics
Abstract:: Consumer price inflation in the euro area declined steadily during most of the 1990s. However, in the last two years, both headline and core inflation have risen throughout the area, and sizable cross-country differences in inflation have re-emerged. This is illustrated by Figure 1, which shows the headline consumer price inflation rate for the euro area as a whole and for select member countries. As of October 2000, all euro area countries had headline inflation rates above the European Central Bank's 2 percent medium-term ceiling, with rates ranging from 2.1 percent in France and Austria to 6 percent in Ireland. In Greece, which will join the euro area on 1 January 2001, inflation was 3.8 percent.
Topic:: Economics and Political Economy
Political Geography:: Europe, Greece, France, and Austria

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