Author: Frank Ackerman / Topic: International Trade and Finance

Author:: Rachel Massey, Frank Ackerman, and Liz Stanton
Publication Date:: 09-2006
Content Type:: Working Paper
Institution:: Global Development and Environment Institute at Tufts University
Abstract:: The European Union is moving toward adoption of its new Registration, Evaluation and Authorization of Chemicals (REACH) policy, an innovative system of chemicals regulation that will provide crucial information on the safety profile of chemicals used in industry. Chemicals produced elsewhere, such as in the United States, and exported to Europe will have to meet the same standards as chemicals produced within the European Union. What is at stake for the U.S. is substantial: we estimate that chemical exports to Europe that are subject to REACH amount to about $14 billion per year, and are directly and indirectly responsible for 54,000 jobs. Revenues and employment of this magnitude dwarf the costs of compliance with REACH, which will amount to no more than $14 million per year. Even if, as the U.S. chemicals industry has argued, REACH is a needless mistake, it will be far more profitable to pay the modest compliance costs than to lose access to the enormous European market.
Topic:: Government, Industrial Policy, and International Trade and Finance
Political Geography:: United States and Europe

Author:: Frank Ackerman, Kevin Gallagher, Timothy Wise, Luke Ney, and Regina Flores
Publication Date:: 06-2003
Content Type:: Working Paper
Institution:: Global Development and Environment Institute at Tufts University
Abstract:: The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) had a profound impact on corn trade between the United States and Mexico. Negotiated tariff reductions and the Mexican government's decision not to charge some tariffs to which it was entitled resulted in a doubling of US corn exports to Mexico. This paper examines the environmental implications of this change on both sides of the border.
Topic:: Economics, Environment, and International Trade and Finance
Political Geography:: North America and Mexico

Author:: Frank Ackerman, Kevin Gallagher, and Luke Ney
Publication Date:: 04-2002
Content Type:: Working Paper
Institution:: Global Development and Environment Institute at Tufts University
Abstract:: Beginning in the late 1990s, Canada and the United States began requiring "Environmental Reviews (ERs)" of all trade agreements to be negotiated by each government. This paper, commissioned by the North American Commission for Environmental Cooperation, outlines how ERs have evolved in North America, and evaluates the different methodological approaches that have been employed in ERs thus far. We show that the ERs conducted to date have an encouraging number of strengths that can be built upon. However, we also establish that the art of conducting ERs is still in its infancy. We identify four limitations with the methodological approaches that have been employed in the most recent ERs. Based on an analysis of these limitations, we propose four ways to improve how ERs are conducted in the future.
Topic:: Economics, International Trade and Finance, and Treaties and Agreements
Political Geography:: North America

Author:: Frank Ackerman and Kevin Gallagher
Publication Date:: 10-2000
Content Type:: Working Paper
Institution:: Global Development and Environment Institute at Tufts University
Abstract:: Economic theory suggests that liberalization of trade between countries with differing levels of environmental protection could lead pollution-intensive industry to concentrate in the nations where regulations are lax. This effect, often referred to as the "pollution haven" hypothesis, is much discussed in theory, but finds only ambiguous support in empirical research to date. Methodologies used for research on trade and environment differ widely; many are difficult to apply to practical policy questions.
Topic:: Development, Economics, Environment, Globalization, and International Trade and Finance

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