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12. Characterizing the Crisis at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station
- Author:
- David Albright and Christina Walrond
- Publication Date:
- 04-2011
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- Institute for Security and International Studies (ISIS)
- Abstract:
- During the crisis at the Fukushima nuclear power reactors following the earthquake and tsunami on March 11, 2011, the Japanese Safety Authority issued ratings for the accident on the International Nuclear Events Scale (INES). Initially, it stated that the incident was a level 4, but it subsequently raised the levels assigned to each reactor, with the majority receiving a level 5. Table 1 indicates the latest ratings issued March 18 by the Japanese authority, where it has parsed the ratings based on accidents at individual reactors. Although the radioactivity is emitted from different reactor buildings, it represents a collective hazard to public health. As such, the accident should be judged comprehensively, not only in component parts. Simply because some aspects of the crisis were not as catastrophic as others does not lessen the overall severity of the accident. ISIS continues to assess that the accident is a level 6. The INES system exists to communicate with the public about the severity and extent of a nuclear event. It is meant to provide a guide, such as the Richter scale for earthquakes, to qualify a nuclear accident. As such, it is important to accurately rate a radiological event in order to afford the public the time and information needed to take necessary precautions.
- Topic:
- Natural Disasters, Nuclear Power, and Fukushima Disaster
- Political Geography:
- Japan and Asia
13. North Korea’s Plutonium Declaration: A Starting Point for an Initial Verification Process
- Author:
- David Albright, Paul Brannan, and Jacqueline Shire
- Publication Date:
- 01-2008
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- Institute for Science and International Security
- Abstract:
- On December 27, Japan’s Tokyo Shimbun newspaper quoted U.S. and North Korean officials saying that North Korea had declared a plutonium stockpile of about 30 kilograms. The report was subsequently picked up by several wires, including AFP and UPI. Based on discussions with a knowledgeable official, this roughly 30 kilograms of plutonium apparently refers to a stock of plutonium that North Korea separated from irradiated fuel produced in the five megawatt-electric reactor at Yongbyon. The separation of the plutonium occurred at the Radiochemical Laboroatory at Yongbyon. If this quantity refers to separated plutonium (and not the total quantity of plutonium produced in the spent fuel of several reactor cores), it does fall inside the lower bound of the range of the amount of separated plutonium that ISIS has assessed North Korea could now possess.
- Topic:
- Diplomacy, Nuclear Weapons, Nonproliferation, and Plutonium
- Political Geography:
- Asia and North Korea
14. North Korea’s Plutonium Production Declaration: A Starting Point for an Initial Verification Process
- Author:
- David Albright, Paul Brannan, and Jacqueline Shire
- Publication Date:
- 01-2008
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- Institute for Security and International Studies (ISIS)
- Abstract:
- On December 27, Japan’s Tokyo Shimbun newspaper quoted U.S. and North Korean officials saying that North Korea had declared a plutonium stockpile of about 30 kilograms. The report was subsequently picked up by several wires, including AFP and UPI. Based on discussions with a knowledgeable official, this roughly 30 kilograms of plutonium apparently refers to a stock of plutonium that North Korea separated from irradiated fuel produced in the five megawatt-electric reactor at Yongbyon. The separation of the plutonium occurred at the Radiochemical Laboroatory at Yongbyon. If this quantity refers to separated plutonium (and not the total quantity of plutonium produced in the spent fuel of several reactor cores), it does fall inside the lower bound of the range of the amount of separated plutonium that ISIS has assessed North Korea could now possess.
- Topic:
- Security, Nuclear Weapons, Plutonium, and Nuclear Energy
- Political Geography:
- Asia and North Korea
15. Disabling DPRK Nuclear Facilities
- Author:
- David Albright and Paul Brannan
- Publication Date:
- 10-2007
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Institute for Science and International Security
- Abstract:
- The October 3, 2007 Six-Party Talks accord outlines a roadmap for the disablement of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea’s (DPRK) core nuclear facilities. While an agreement on “Second-Phase Actions for the Implementation of the Joint Statement” has been secured, the specific details of the nuclear disablement process are still being developed. The primary goals of this Working Paper are twofold. First, to establish a definition for the term “disablement” which has only recently achieved widespread usage in the disarmament and nonproliferation community. Second, to outline the types of steps that will or could be taken at key facilities in the DPRK to achieve various disablement objectives. This Working Paper was commissioned by the Korea Working Group (KWG) at the U.S. Institute of Peace. The KWG brings together the leading North Korea watchers from the government and think tank communities to discuss pressing policy issues in the political, security, social, and economic fields.
- Topic:
- Nuclear Weapons, Disarmament, and Nonproliferation
- Political Geography:
- Asia and North Korea
16. Dismantling the DPRK’s Nuclear Weapons Program: A Practicable, Verifiable Plan of Action
- Author:
- David Albright and Corey Hinderstein
- Publication Date:
- 01-2006
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- Institute for Science and International Security
- Abstract:
- Verified dismantlement of the nuclear weapons program of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) can be accomplished successfully. Although difficulties abound in reaching an agreement with the DPRK to achieve this goal, the methods and steps involved in the dismantlement process are well understood. Because this goal remains vital to U.S. and international security, the United States has joined with China, Japan, Russia, and South Korea in working toward verified denuclearization of the Korean peninsula with the cooperation of the DPRK. These six nations have launched a series of negotiations, called the Six-Party Talks, aimed at resolving the crisis over the DPRK’s nuclear program. These nations are also attempting to create a plan to dismantle the DPRK’s program in a manner with which all the nations can feel secure.
- Topic:
- Nuclear Weapons, International Security, and Disarmament
- Political Geography:
- Russia, Japan, China, Asia, South Korea, North Korea, and United States of America
17. A New Equation: U.S. Policy toward India and Pakistan after September 11
- Author:
- Lee Feinstein, David Albright, James C Clad, and Lewis A Dunn
- Publication Date:
- 06-2002
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
- Abstract:
- The shifting geopolitical furniture on the subcontinent since last September's terrorist attacks has placed the United States in the unaccustomed position of having good relations with India and Pakistan at the same time. This has helped to forge a consensus in the United States on some of the core challenges India and Pakistan face, and on the approach Washington must pursue to advance its long-term goals for the region.
- Topic:
- Foreign Policy
- Political Geography:
- Pakistan, United States, South Asia, and Asia