1. Longer Sticks and Shorter Carrots: How the U.S. is Changing its Engagement in MENA Author: Amr Adly Publication Date: 04-2025 Content Type: Journal Article Journal: Cairo Review of Global Affairs Institution: School of Global Affairs and Public Policy, American University in Cairo Abstract: The United States’ approach to achieving international hegemony is shifting away from trade and investments back toward bombs and missiles Topic: Foreign Policy, Hegemony, Investment, Trade, and Strategic Engagement Political Geography: Middle East, North Africa, and United States of America